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Message: [QUOTE="cusetown1, post: 208709, member: 38"] has anybody ever read this? [url]http://www.hoopszone.net/Kentucky/Dark%20Side.htm[/url] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][B][U][SIZE=5]THE DARK SIDE OF KENTUCKY BASKETBALL[/SIZE][/U][/B][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=4][B]PROLOGUE[/B][/SIZE][SIZE=4][B] [/B][/SIZE][SIZE=3] [/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=3]This is the first of a series of articles I am writing about the longtime ugly aspect of Kentucky basketball, so often ignored by the media, and usually avoided by the NCAA. In historical realty though, the University of Kentucky basketball program has continuously been one of the most criminal of all NCAA Division 1 schools. In each decade since the 1940’s, UK has been involved in at least one scandal of major proportions, and until the 1970’s were a major force against the integration of blacks in basketball.[/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]Recently, in the course of researching for this story about the longtime ugly aspect of Kentucky basketball, I started to reread James Michener’s [U]Sports in America,[/U] which was published back in 1976. I remembered that he had addressed the issue of race in sports so looked through the index and found his comments about the 1966 NCAA championship battle between all-white Kentucky and all-black Texas Western, a memorable watershed of racial relations in college basketball. [/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]I expected to find that Michener would excoriate Adolph Rupp, the Wildcats longtime head coach. I was stunned to read, however, that he felt that the victory by Texas Western wasn’t the real story, but rather that the Miner players had been treated quite poorly in school, and few remained in college the next year. “The blacks had been imported from New York and had been treated as poorly paid gladiators, and of the seven black champions, none had graduated. They had no social privileges, were threatened with loss of their scholarships if they dated white or Mexican girls – there were no black girls – and were discriminated against in every particular.” He went on to say that the El Paso story is one of the most wretched in the history of sports. [/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]Not once did Michener mention anything about Rupp’s highly publicized racism, a bias that not only pervaded the Kentucky program, but which had influence thoughout the Southeastern Conference and beyond. Rather, he said “In reflecting upon the El Paso incident, I have often thought how much luckier the white players were under Coach Adolph Rupp. He looked after his players; they had a shot at a real education; and they were secure within the traditions of the university, their community, and their state. They may have lost the playoff, but they were winners in every other respect, and their black opponents from El Paso were losers.” 1 [/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]While this was an astute observation of the white-black disparity caused by racism, isn’t it very strange that Michener completely missed the other half of this most wretched story? That very Rupp, who looked after his [U]white[/U] players, gave them a shot at a real education, and made them feel secure, was the very same man who flaunted his utter disregard for the rules of fair play in matters of recruiting, regularly paid his players, and refused to recruit blacks, kept them from getting a shot at education, and proudly made sure that all blacks (and whites, for that matter) knew about the segregationist traditions of his university. [/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]In subsequent issues of KJ’s BB Newsletter, I’ll tell the other side of the story -- the one that addresses those Wildcat dark traditions. The first chapter will address the initiation of Kentucky basketball’s criminal traditions, followed by the second chapter which looks in depth at the virulence and influence of the earlier years of it’s racist tradition. Subsequent chapters reflect that those sinister practices have continued through the many changes in coaches and administrators at the University.[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]___________________[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=1]1 [U]Sports In America[/U], A Fawcett Crest Book, by James A, Michener, p. 189.[/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][B][SIZE=4]CHAPTER 1[/SIZE][/B][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][U][B]THE DEATH SENTENCE[/B][/U][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]The warning signs of gambling were there in the mid-40’s, particularly in the New York area. The [U]Illustrated History of Basketball[/U] mentioned that “Out in Kansas, Phog Allen warned of additional skullduggery at the Garden, and he even sent Ned Irish (the Madison Square Garden promoter) the name of a player he felt was doing business with gamblers. But he was ignored.” 1[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]Allegations of point-shaving and game-dumping came to light when a Manhatten player, Junious Kellogg, reported having been contacted by gamblers and the New York District Attorney's office was called in to investigate. While the investigation started with those associated with and around Madison Square Garden, the investigation eventually spread to Kentucky, where it was proven that former players, All-Americans Alex Groza and Ralph Beard, had been given money to shave points in the 1948-49 season. Originally the players agreed, for $100 each, to beat their upcoming opponent by more than the point spread. They beat the spread and the dye was cast.[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]"Those guys were smooth talkers. They should have been salesmen. They took us out for a stroll, treated us to a meal, and before we knew anything, we were right in the middle of it. They said we didn't have to dump the game. They said nobody would get hurt except other gamblers. They said everybody was doing it. And they asked what was wrong with winning a game by as many points as we could. We just didn't think." 2[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]After successfully doing it again, they then agreed to play under the point spread. They won that game, under the spread, and entered the NIT Tournament 29-1. The heavily-favored Wildcats then took a dive, losing to Loyola of Chicago, the lowest seeded team. Rupp was devastated after the loss. “I don’t know….Lordy. but I think there’s something wrong with this team.” The players were paid $1500 for their work. The team then went on to the NCAA Tournament where they beat the Oklahoma Aggies for Kentucky’s second national title.[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]The scandal publicly broke early in 1951, when the New York District Attorney’s office indicted CCNY and several other New York colleges for fixing games. Kentucky's involvement in the point-shaving mess was still to be uncovered when the #1 ranked Wildcats arrived in Minneapolis in search of their third NCAA championship in four years. There they met No.4 Kansas State, champion of the Big Seven. Led by 7-foot junior All-America Bill Spivey and sophomore Cliff Hagan, the Kentucky Cats won, 68-58, and coach Rupp had his third title.[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]In response to media questions during the tourney, UK coach Adolph Rupp boasted “The gamblers couldn't touch my boys with a 10-foot pole.” The victory celebration didn't last long, however. Shortly after winning the title, the scandal overtook the Cats. Obviously some gambler had found an eleven-foot pole, as five Kentucky players, over three season, were implicated. An Assistant DA said that practically every game Kentucky played in the 1951 season involved gambling. Groza and Beard, stars of the 1948 U.S. Olympic basketball team and now professionals, were thrown out of the NBA. Spivey fought the charges, but never played another game in college, was banned from the NBA, and his dreams of a rich pro career ended.[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]When handing down the sentences of the Kentucky players, Judge Saul Streit unleashed a blast against the school and Rupp, calling Kentucky “the acme of commercialization and overemphasis.” He further said “I found covert subsidization of players, ruthless exploitation of athletes, cribbing at examinations, ‘illegal’ recruiting, a reckless disregard of the physical welfare, matriculation of unqualified students, demoralization of the athletes by the coach, alumni, and townspeople and the flagrant abuse of the athletic scholarship.” He said that Rupp "failed in his duty to observe the amateur rules, to build character, and to protect the morals and health of his charges." And he especially reprimanded Rupp for his association with Ed Curd, acknowledged as the biggest bookmaker in Lexington.[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]Never in the history of the sport had there been such wholesale revelations of corruption. But, although the players were punished, the NCAA didn’t do a thing to Kentucky or Rupp. However, when the charges of recruiting violations and payments to players were proven the next year, and the SEC voted to ban UK from any conference games, three months later the NCAA was left with no choice but to put the Wildcats on probation and canceled their entire 1952-53 season. [/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]"Kentucky's basketball history is as much about NCAA investigations and allegations of payoffs and being shut down for an entire season for point shaving as it is about winning championships."3[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]__________________[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=1]1 Illustrated History of Basketball, by Larry Fox, Grosset & Dunlap, 1974, p. 97.[/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=1]2 Quote from Dale Barnstable, in [U]Scandals of '51,[/U] by Charley Rosen, reprinted by Seven Stories Press, 1999, pg. 182.[/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=1]3[U] A March to Madness[/U], by John Feinstein, Little Brown and Company, 1998, pg. 420.[/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][B][SIZE=4]CHAPTER 2[/SIZE][/B][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=6][B][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][U]KENTUCKY RACISM - PART 1[/U][/COLOR][/FONT][/B][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]Coach Adolph Rupp was a bigot who barred the door to blacks at Kentucky and throughout the SEC for many years. A Bull Conner look-alike and a George Wallace act-alike, he flaunted his racism and negatively influenced the racial nature of college basketball from the 1930’s and into the 60’s.[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]Here are four quotes (among hundreds) which illustrate his virulent racism.[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]"He said, ‘You've got to beat those coons,’ He turned to (center)Thad Jaracz. 'You go after that big coon.' . . . He talked that way all the time. . . A chill went through me. I was standing in the back of the room, and I looked around at the players. They all kind of ducked their heads. They were embarrassed. This was clearly the type of thing that went over the line." Frank Deford,[U]Sports Illustrated[/U], reporting on Coach Adolph Rupp’s halftime exhortations in the UK Wildcat’s locker room.[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]"Harry, that son of a bitch is ordering me to get some niggers in here. What am I going to do ? He's the boss." Harry Lancaster, long-time assistant to Rupp, in his book [U]Adolph Rupp As I Knew Him[/U] (Lexington Productions, 1979), quoting Rupp on Dr. John Oswald, UK President.[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]“Once, I was on a flight with Rupp and sat with him in the first-class section. He had about six Kentucky bourbons in less than an hour and was about halfway to the wind. I told him that I was an attorney who represented some basketball players. Now, I had never met the man, and the first significant thing he said to me was, ‘The trouble with the ABA is that there are too many nigger boys in it now.’ I sat there just stunned. That just killed my image of Adolph Rupp the great coach. Maybe it was because he had too much to drink, but even so...” - [U]Loose Balls[/U] by Terry Pluto, Simon & Schuster, 1990, pg. 241.[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000] [/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]"Rupp liked to say he had tried to recruit Wilt Chamberlain in the mid-1950s, when the 7-foot Philadelphia phenom was the talk of basketball. 'But could I take him to Atlanta, New Orleans, or Starkville ?' Rupp asked rhetorically.” [U]And the Walls Came Tumbling Down[/U] (1999, Simon & Schuster) by journalist Frank Fitzpatrick, a long-time staffer at the [U]Philadelphia Inquirer[/U].[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]By the mid-1960’s, racial barriers had been torn down for the most part, in other areas of the country, and in most other sports[I]. [/I]"In the spring of 1966, Bill Russell and Wilt Chamberlain were dominating the National Basketball Association; Hank Aaron, Willie Mays and Frank Robinson were among Major League Baseball's brightest stars; Gale Sayers was preparing to replace Jim Brown as the National Football League's leading rusher; and Muhammad Ali was the world heavyweight boxing champion. In college basketball, every NCAA champion since 1961 had been built around black stars. Loyola of Chicago, the 1963 champion, had four black starters." 1 [/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]Not so in Kentucky. Rupp took his all-white team to the 1966 NCAA championship game where they faced the all-black Texas Western team coached by Don Haskins. “Rupp’s Runts”, featuring Pat Riley (now coach of the Miami Heat), Louie Dampier and Larry Conley, were ranked number 1. Adolph had publicly declared that he would never let a black wear the Kentucky blue and he was primed to set things right. As fate would have it though, no-name Texas Western (now the University of Texas, El Paso), with an upstart squad of inner-city blacks led by 5’9 sparkplug Bobby Joe Hill and 245 lb.center David “Big Daddy” Lattin, whipped the big-name monarch of southern basketball and his all-pale squad. The final score of 72-65 hardly reflected the Miner’s superiority. "So visible was The Baron, and so racist were his views, that he was the predominant reason why Texas Western's victory is remembered a watershed moment in sports history." 2[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]“Kentucky’s appearance in the final turned out to be Rupp’s last shot at the championship; he retired six years later without ever again taking a Wildcat team past the second round. It was also the last time a segregated southern school mounted a serious challenge for the NCAA title. Within the next few years, “white” colleges throughout the south began to actively recruit black players” 3[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]Preceding the 1970 season, Rupp finally gave in to pressure by UK President Oswald and alumni to bring the program back to a competitive level, and signed Tom Payne, a 7’ center from Louisville. Payne was the one and only black he ever recruited in his 42 years as coach of the Wildcats. Payne stayed one year.[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]"And even with his four national championships Rupp will always be viewed in the mirror of the Texas Western game, where he was on the wrong side of history. Rupp never recovered from that. And for many black Americans, neither did Kentucky." 4[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]Isn’t it poetic that Rupp is recalled as a villain in a sport now dominated by a race he excluded? It’s also ironic that Rupp’s ultimate legacy was that the 1966 game did more than anything else to integrate the sport. "You guys got a lot of black kids scholarships around this country," Miners coach Don Haskins said in an emotional address at the [25th Anniversary] reunion. "You can be proud of that. I guess you helped change the world a little bit." 5[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]His epitaph?[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][I]“For 42 years it was his way of dealing with defeat. Acerbic, arrogant, defiant, Adolph Rupp won 875 games and lost none. It was his players who lost those 190.” 6[/I][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000] [/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=1]1 "Dribbling on Rupp's grave. Author shoots an Airball with Bogus Analysis of Famous UK Game,"[I] [/I] by Billy Reed, [U]Lexington Herald Leader[/U], February 28, 1999.[/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=1]2 [U]Bergen Record[/U], by Dave D'Alessandro, March 3,1996.[/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=1]3 The Encyclopedia of the NCAA Basketball Tournament, page 266, by Jim Savage.[/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=1]4 “To Tubby: May the Best Man Win,” by Tony Kornheiser, Washington Post, My 15, 1997.[/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=1]5 By Jack Wilkinson, [U]Atlanta Journal and Constitution[/U], April 1, 1991.[/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=1]6 Calling Rupp a Racist Just Doesn’t Ring True, by David Kindred, [U]Lexington Herald Leader[/U], December 22, 1991.[/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][B][SIZE=4]CHAPTER 3[/SIZE][/B][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][B][U]THE TRADITION CONTINUES UNDER HALL & SUTTON[/U][/B][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]Except for a hand slap in 1976, the NCAA had looked the other way and studiously avoided any investigations into Kentucky basketball during Joe B. Hall’s tenure as head coach, 1973-85. However, shortly after Eddie Sutton took over the program, the Lexington Herald-Leader reported a blockbuster expose’ series about UK paying former players and recruits.[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]“[I]For years, ordinary fans have rewarded University of Kentucky basketball players with a loyalty that is nationally known. What is less known is that a small group of boosters has been giving the players something extra: a steady stream of cash. The cash has come in various amounts - as little as $20 and as much as $4,000 or more - and it has come often. UK players have received what they call ‘hundred-dollar handshakes’ in the Rupp Arena locker room after games[/I].” 1[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000] [/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]“[I]Mary Wilson shifted uneasily on a couch when asked about improper recruiting offers made to her son Ben, who before his death last year was widely considered the nation's top high school basketball prospect. It was the same couch in her South Side bungalow where Mrs. Wilson had listened intently as Ben wavered between picking a school that offered the most money or a school that offered the most in education and basketball."We're talking about a lot of money," Mrs. Wilson said recently[/I].” 2[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]In spite of all the damaging evidence presented by the Herald-Leader, with public coverage of admissions by over 31 former UK players and some recruits, the NCAA continued to sidestep doing anything to the sacred Wildcats. So, Kentucky basketball being what it was, and given apparent immunity by the NCAA, the tradition of breaking the rules continued under the Sutton regime.[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]Their misdeeds started publicly emerging in a couple of years, though. It started with Eric Manual, a Wildcat recruit who apparently had copied “answer for answer” from another student while taking the ACT. He was a top recruit in the 1987-88 class and had failed his ACT test a number of times. On his final attempt, taking the test at Lexington High School (even though he was from Georgia), his score dramatically jumped from 14 to 23, making him eligible. Although never proven, evidence suggested that Manual had been helped by the UK coaching staff. [/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][I]"We know there were lots of people with an interest in him being eligible,"[/I] said Mark Hammons, the Oklahoma City attorney who argued Manuel's court case pro bono. [I]"UK and its boosters and affiliates -- they had much more to gain by altering his test score than Eric did."[/I] 3[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]Manuel was barred from ever playing in Division 1, but again the NCAA let Kentucky off the hook. [/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]The next incident was harder for the NCAA to overlook, however, when it was found that a package from the University of Kentucky basketball offices to Claude Mills, Chris Mills’ father, contained approximately $1,000 in cash. Kentucky had been heavily recruiting the highly acclaimed Mills, and the NCAA determined that the package was sent by UK Assistant Coach and former player Dwayne Casey. The book [U]Raw Recruits[/U] by Alexander Wolff and Armen Keteyian (Pocket Books, 1991) has a fascinating and detailed account of what went on in this whole situation.[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][I]“Now, the NCAA was faced with Kentucky being caught once again red-handed and, naturally, denying, denying, denying. What would it [the NCAA] do ? [URL='http://www.ukfans.net/jps/uk/Statistics/Players/Chapman_Rex.html']Rex Chapman[/URL], the Boy King decided not to wait for an answer. On May 13th, he announced he was passing up his last two years of eligibility to turn pro. Chapman insisted the Mills investigation had nothing to do with his decision. If you believe in that then you believe in Santa Claus."[/I] 4[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]Many questioned whether the NCAA would do anything to the Wildcats. Jerry Tarkanian, then coach of UNLV astutely cracked that “they’re going to find them guilty and then give Cleveland State three more years of probation.” Despite that and despite an ineffectual investigation, the NCAA stripped UK of several scholarships, banned them from television and postseason play. Head coach Eddie Sutton and Casey were forced to resign, and Casey was banned from coaching in the NCAA for five years. Strangely enough, they didn’t do a thing to Mills, who transferred to Arizona.[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]In the aftermath, LeRon Ellis, Sean Sutton, Rex Chapman and Shawn Kemp all left the program over the next two years, leaving the school’s basketball program in shambles.[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000]Given his record before and after his tenure at Kentucky, Sutton has run clean programs, notably at Arkansas and currently at Oklahoma State, so you have to give him some benefit of the doubt that he really didn’t know what was going on. Clearly, though, his assistants did and were the definite perpetrators of the payoffs, and Sutton was responsible for the program. More likely, Sutton chose to put on blindfolds at Kentucky, where the pressures to win at all costs were ingrained. It’s a shame that the criminal traditions at Kentucky could override the principles of a fine man like Sutton.[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000] [/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=1]1 Lexington Herald-Leader, October 27, 1985.[/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=1] [/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=1]2 Lexington Herald-Leader, October 28, 1985.[/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=1] [/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=1]3 [I]"Odd Man Out,"[/I] [U]Sports Illustrated[/U], February 11, 1991, Vol. 74, No. 5 pg. 175.[/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000] [/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=1]4 [U]A Season Inside[/U], by John Feinstein, Villard Books, 1988, pg. 460.[/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [/QUOTE]

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