Infractions committed by the student-athletes and the school's failure to adequately police them are separate acts committed by separate entities. As such, this cannot be double jeopardy.
As for assessing the overall punishment, I don't think sanctions for others schools should be relevant. Look at the at the motives behind this particular case. The NCAA isn't sending people to jail here and the punishment does not have to "fit the crime" by way of comparison to prior sanctions. The NCAA is as much a regulatory authority as it is anything else. It is clear that the past sanctions it has laid out are not enough to deter students and staff from skirting the rules, be it at Cuse or anywhere else. The NCAA needs to have force in order for its rules to have effect. It is exercising force here. I wouldn't deny that Cuse is getting a severe lashing here, but I would expect future rule-breakers to also receive harsher punishment. Not because Cuse did, but rather for the NCAA to flex its muscles a create a effective deterrent. I suppose we have to wait and see, but I think the NCAA's motive justifies this type of punishment. It is sending a message, and, regardless of whether you agree with them, I think you have to frame the punishment in that light and not take it personally. It is unfortunate that Cuse is the test case, but if you don't break the rules, then you don't have to worry about the punishment.
To be sure, I don't fully agree with punishment but I think this is the best way to understand it. I think in the past, the NCAA handed out sanctions to each school with a focus on inducing each particular school to clean up their program in certain identifiable ways. In other words, the punishment did "fit the crime" because its motive was singular in that it wanted to teach that school a lesson, rather than to signal wholesale that it should be taken seriously. I think the NCAA's focus in this instance is to send a warning to everyone, and Cuse is the first unlucky recipient. I think the NCAA also took a look at the self-imposed ban last year and said "no, we will not be gamed like this." Now rule-breakers cannot more or less calculate the value of breaking a rule because the NCAA took what was once a somewhat determinable constant and turned it into a variable.