MCC
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There is no evidence that 'high tops' either prevent sprains or minimize severity of sprains - this has actually been studied fairly extensively and the literature / data are inconclusive. If anything, the data to point to a combination of 'low tops' plus taping as marginally more effective at prevention and minimizing severity. A few prospective, randomized (albeit small N) trials have been run and reported in the literature, and I can pull down the references and screen-cap some data if you like.They absolutely DO prevent ankle injuries. Doesn't mean that they are a foolproof solution, but it is ridiculous to claim that they don't afford more protection than low tops, or that they don't reduce the likelihood [i.e., "prevent"] ankle sprains.
It appears that for some reason, high shoe collars have proprioceptive effects that decrease pre-landing activation of the peroneus longus (PL), peroneus brevis (PB) and tibialis anterior (TA). These decreases seem to leave the ankle complex less prepared to deal with landing events, particularly those on uneven surfaces. Obviously this is counterintuitive: you'd expect the higher collar to reduce ROM, especially in the lateral aspect. However, the decrease in pre-activation - mean amplitude, which can be measured accurately and reproducibly by EMG - more than washes out any potential gains in structural stability.
Worse still, the onset time for pre-activation for the PL, PB and TA are also observably delayed. Thus you're left with a 'too little, too late' muscle-tendon response from the evertors (complex that turns your foot 'out', and would thus resist a lateral sprain).
The role of pre-landing EMG (EMGpre) activity is obviously critical to preparing the ankle complex for a rapid and potentially high-force stretch upon foot contact and through the subsequent joint rotations, and the current literature suggest that a low(-er) collar combined with taping preserves more EMGpre (both amplitude and rapidity of response) than high collars.
I'm sure the SOC experts know all this; thus the fairly common use of low(-er) tops in hoops (and elsewhere). Hope this helps clarify, and I can always pull down some references / data for interested parties.
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