The
midfoot consists of five bones that form the
arches of the foot (the
cuboid,
navicular, and three
cuneiform bones) and
their articulations with the bases of the five
metatarsal bones. It is these articulations that are damaged in a Lisfranc injury. Such injuries typically involve the
ligaments between the medial cuneiform bone and the bases of the second and third metatarsal bones, and each of these ligaments is called
Lisfranc ligament.
[4]
Lisfranc injuries are caused when excessive
kinetic energy is applied either directly or indirectly to the midfoot and are often seen in
traffic collisions or
industrial accidents.
[5]
Direct Lisfranc injuries are usually caused by a crush injury, such as a heavy object falling onto the midfoot, or the foot being run over by a car or truck, or someone landing on the foot after a fall from a significant height.
[6] Indirect Lisfranc injuries are caused by a sudden
rotational force on a
plantar flexed(downward pointing) forefoot.
[5] Examples of this type of trauma include a
riderfalling from a horse but the foot remaining trapped in the
stirrup, or a person falling forward after stepping into a
storm drain.
[6]
In athletic trauma, Lisfranc injuries occur commonly in activities such as
windsurfing,
kitesurfing,
wakeboarding, or
snowboarding (where appliance
bindings pass directly over the metatarsals).
[7] American football players occasionally acquire this injury, and it most often occurs when the athlete's foot is plantar flexed and another player lands on the heel. This can also be seen in pivoting athletic positions such as a baseball catcher or a ballerina spinning.
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